It represents various forms of nitrogen oxides such as NOx, NO (nitric oxide), NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), and N2O (nitrogen oxides). In a gasoline engine, about 93% NOx, about 5% NO2, and the rest are N2O.
The Nitrogen Oxide sensor or NOx sensor is a high-temperature device built to detect nitrogen oxides in combustion environments such as automobile or truck exhaust pipes or smoke chimneys. This device controls the amount of NOx in the gas at the exhaust outlet and reduces the pollution amount of the exhausted gas with special catalysts. Thanks to this eco-friendly system, the usability of poor fuels is increased, thus saving fuel.
Due to high cylinder compression and higher combustion temperatures due to turbocharging or overcharging, diesel engines produce higher engine-out NOx emissions than gasoline engines that are ignited by spark plugs. Lately, the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) feature allows a properly equipped diesel engine to deliver similar NOx values to the exhaust pipe, compared to a typical 3-way catalyzed gasoline engine. In addition, the diesel oxidation catalyst significantly oxidizes the NOx fraction by oxidizing 50% of the NO by using excess oxygen in the diesel exhaust gases.
How Does the NOx Sensor Work?
In the case of poorly mixed layer charging operation, the operating point of the motor is no longer lambda = 1 and thus is outside the best conversion range of the catalytic converter. Nitrogen oxides are not optimally converted by the catalyst and show a significant increase. For this reason, an additional NOx storage catalyst, which temporarily stores nitrogen oxides, is used.
When the catalytic converter reaches the end of its storage capacity, it is detected by the NOx sensor. The sensor instructs the engine control unit to switch to richly mixed operation for approximately two seconds. Nitrogen oxides are reduced and converted to harmless azota. This "regeneration phase" is repeated approximately every 60 seconds in poor operation.
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